bailey



(No Model.)

W. M. BAILEY.

l APPARATUS POB. MAKING VARNISH, 6:0. No. 277,534. Patented May 15.1883.

UNITED STATES 1WALTER lll. BAILEY,

' PATENT OFFICE.

or New Yoan, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING VARNISH, &C.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 277,534, dated May 15, 1883'.

Application tiled October 24, 1882.

To all whom Iit may concer/n:

Be it known that I, WALTER M. BAILEY, of New York,in the county and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Apparatus for Making Varnish, &c.; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full,I clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part ot' this specification. y

As at present conducted, the operations of melting gums for the manufacture of varnish and the mixing therewith of various liquid ingredients is performed in kettles or vessels supported on wheels, so that they may be convenu iently wheeled into or out ofa {ire-place under a large chimney and over a fire of coke or other fuel on the hearth of the fireplace. The liquid ingredients, after the gums are su'tlicently fused, are or oughtto he mixed with the melted gums at specific temperatures varying with the nature of the particular iugredien t, or at as near such temperatures as is practicable. Above such temperatures theingredients either evaporate or decompose, causing loss of material; or they may and sometimcsylo ignite, which also entails loss and danger. The operation of vai nish-making under the present system therefore requires great care on account of the dit ticulty of regulating the heat of the open fire, and during the operation the kettle maybe frequently wheeled on or ed the fire, in order to control the heat of its contents,which is troublesome, and is liable to splash the contents out of the kettle. Besides this, the operation of heating over an open fire materials not only very inammable, but., 'when their vapors are mixed with air, forming highly-explosive mixtures, is at best a hazardous one, frequently resulting in great damage to property, severe injuries to operatives, and even in loss ot' lii'e.

It is therefore the object of, my invention to provide an apparatus which in its use will obviate' the hazard attending the present modes of manufacturing Varnishes and japans, boiling linseed-oil, Sac., and which will enable the man ufacturer to secure and determine more exactly the proper temperatures at which the addition and admixture of different materials should be made, thus avoiding the loss and danger sustained by undue volatilization of (No model.)

materials caused by too high a temperature, and also securing a more perfect admixture than can be obtained when the temperatureis too low. By the use of this apparatus varnish can be made almost as safely as soap, and with a certainty of the best results.

The principal feature of my invention is a device for the use of water or other suitable liquid, under pressure, as a vehicle for heat and' as a substitute for the open lire hitherto sists in a furnace, a strong coil or chamber in closed in said furnace for heating water, a tank, vessel, or kettle for melting, boiling, or mixing materials placed remote or isolated from said furnace, which tank, vessel, or kettle is provided with a strong water-jacket for the circulation of hot water, and means 'for circulating and controlling the circulation ot' man neras to accurately supply the heat needed for the specified operations, yet keeping the kettle safely isolated from the fire. llhese features, together with certain details ofcoustrnction, constitute my invention, as hereinafter fully set forth.

The drawing is a partial side view and a partial section of an apparatus constructed to carry out my invention. v

A represents the furnace, preferably lined with fire-brick I) or -ot`her refractory material. B is the grate, and U the uptake.

Supported in any suitable manner above the grateB is a strong coil of pipe l), the interior of which is, by means of the pipes D', D, and D", and a circulating-pump., P, made continuous with the interior of, a hot-water jacket, J, of aetank, vessel, or kettle, K. This kettle K, as may be noted, vis placed remote from the furnace, or at some safe distance therefrom, so that its contents will be entirely free from exposure to the furnace-lire, thus avoiding any chance ot' ignition, and, if desired, the kettle may be placed under a Ghini' ney or ventilatingshaft to carry ott' vapors which may rise therefrom, rlhe coil is provided with a safety-valve at V and a watergage at G, respectively, for limiting the presscoil to the hot-water jacket J, is preferably employed.; and the invention principally con-.

hot water through said coil andjacket in such l ure in lthe coil and-indicating the height of roo water therein. The pipe D', leading from the felted, as shown at f, to prevent loss of heat by convection and radiation.'4

' The pump is represented in the drawing as a direct-acting steam-pump, the steam-cylinder being at S, and its action is to circulate the water in the direction indicated bythe a1'- row; but this is only a typical means for effecting the desired circulation, and I do not limit myself to any particular device for this purpose. Any eirculator of whatever design or'construction that can circulate hot water under high pressure may be used. Valves c c are placed in any convenient position in the system ot' pipes for regulating or stopping the circulation.

1t is well known that, volume for volume, water under pressure will hold and convey more heat than any other medium-solid, liquid, nor gaseous. When so confined under pressure water may he heated to a temperature ample to perform all the operations of making varnishes and japans, or boiling-siccative oils, the highest temperatures required for these purposes being not over 800O Fahrenheit. W'ater is therefore admirally adapted tothe purpose of conveying heat in large quantity to considerable and safe distances from the source of heat, and when a pipe or tube containing hot water under'pressure is brought into contact with a colder liquid the transfer ot' heat is very rapid and efficient.

It will be seen that by regulating the rapidity of the circulation of the heated Water through the apparatus the amount and intensity of heat in the tank, vessel, or kettle K maybe very nicely regulated; also, by adjusting the safety-valve V to open at specific pressures, the' temperature ot' the confined water can .never exceed that which is correlative with such specific pressure.

The jacket J is strengthened to any'desired extent by stays s, after the usual manner of staying steam-boilers, Snc. This jacket is represented in the drawing as extending over both the base and sides ot' the kettle, which in 'many cases will be preferable; but it will be sufficient for most purposes to have the jacket `extend over the base of the kettle only.

In large factories, where a number of kettles are required for making different kinds of varnishes or other products, each kettle willl always be provided with its own circulating pump or other motor, so that the heat in each kettle may be controlled independent of the other kettles, and each kettle may connect to distinct heating-coils in a common furnace, or all may connect to one large and common coil in the furnace.

In the manufacture of varnish a temperature of about 7 00O Fahrenheit is necessary for melting the hardest gum, while about 5000 is required forth-e boiling of linseed-oil, and the turpentine is usually introduced at about 2000.

, Therefore in the practical operation ofthe apparatus the temperature may be maintained -5 arnesi in thecoil by the action ofan automatic damperregulator in the samemanner as is employed in water-heating apparatus, so as to automaticallyregulate the tire and maintain the desired maximum temperature in the coil at the same time; hence by regulating the -speed 'ot' the circulating-motor any desired temperature equal to or less than this maximum may b'e maintained in the varnish-kettle, as will be readily understood, thus rendering the management of the apparatus, both as regards the heat in the furnace andv coil as well as the heat in the kettle, very simple and perfect.

The kettle may be provided with suitable thermometers or pyrometers to indicate the temperature therein, and it may be furnished with cocks on the base or sides, through which the varnish or other products may be drawn off when completed.

I t will therefore be appreciated that by this improvement the varnishkettle is kept entirely separate or remote from the tire, and at the Sametime the heat of the tire is conveyed thereto at a high temperature and in great quantity or volume, and equably diffused upon the kettle, and is applied thereto in a regular and easily-controllable manner, which enables any desired temperature to be maintained as long as desired, thus overcoming all danger of conlagration, greatly faeilit'at` ing the work, and appreciably improving the quality of the product.

Several attempts or proposals have been heretofore made to provide a varnish-making apparatus which would obviate the direct exposure of the kettle to the fire, and to this end the heat of superheated steam has been applied to the kettle; but this-is found to be impracticable for the reason that with the great heat demanded in the melting of the gums and in the boiling of the oils the snperheated steam, which acts simply as a hot gas, has not the volume or quantity of heat' required for the purpose, so that the application of this kind of heat to the kettle is found to 'ne inadequate, irregular, and uncertain. By employ-ing a superheated liquid under pressure, however, with a motive device for circulating the liquid, an effective means is provided for applying heat, both at a high temperature and in great quantity, and in regulating its amount by the rate of circulation, so that the -heat is not-only great in quantity as well as in intensity, but is equable and cer` tain in its character, thereby accomplishing a most important improvement in apparatus for this purpose.

What I claim as my invention is-as follows:

'1. An apparatus for making varnish, boiling siccative oils, manufacturing japans, and similar operations, consisting of a furnace, a coil or 'chamber placed within the furnace for heating Water under pressure, a tank, vessel, ror kettle for containing lthe materials 'to he operated upon, and provided with a hot-water jacket, a system of pipes for connecting ICO IOS

IIO

the interior ofthe coil with the interior of thc circulating system, a charge of Water or other jacket, and means for circulating and controlliquid filling said coil-connections and jacket',

ling the circulation of hot Water under pressand a motive device connected with said cirure through said coil, pipes, and jacket, subculating system for insuring andv regulating I5 5Vstantially as and for the purposes specied. the circulation of the liquid therein,l substan- 2. The combinaton, with a heating-furnace tially as and for the purpose set fort-h. containing a superheating coil or chamber, of vjf 1 au open kettle placed in an isolated or remote VWAIJTER 'M' BAILEY' A position from said furnace, a jacket or cham- Witnesses: 1o ber arranged to heat said kettle, connections CEAS. M. HIGGINS,

between said jacket and said. coil, forming a JNO. E. GAVIN. 

